U.S. inflation · 1991–2023
$100 in 1991 has the same buying power as
$224
in 2023
| Cumulative price change | 123.7% |
|---|---|
| Average inflation rate | 2.55% per year |
| Converted amount ($100 base) | $224 |
| Price difference ($100 base) | $124 |
| CPI in 1991 | 136.2 |
| CPI in 2023 | 304.702 |
| Inflation in 1991 | 4.21% |
| Inflation in 2023 | 4.12% |
| $100 in 1991 → 2023 | $224 |
| $100 in 2023 → 1991 | $44.70 |
Between 1991 and 2023, the Consumer Price Index went from 136.2 to 304.702. Cumulatively, prices increased 123.7%, which works out to an average of 2.55% per year. Put differently, a dollar in 1991 bought what $0.45 buys in 2023.
| Amount in 1991 | Value in 2023 |
|---|---|
| $1.00 | $2.24 |
| $5.00 | $11.19 |
| $10.00 | $22.37 |
| $20.00 | $44.74 |
| $50.00 | $112 |
| $100 | $224 |
| $500 | $1,119 |
| $1,000 | $2,237 |
| $5,000 | $11,186 |
| $10,000 | $22,372 |
| $100,000 | $223,717 |
| $1,000,000 | $2,237,166 |
The headline number is an average. Individual categories moved very differently over this period. Here is what $100 of 1991 spending costs in 2023, by category:
| Category | Avg. yearly inflation | $100 in 1991 → |
|---|---|---|
| All items (CPI-U) | 2.55% | $224 |
| Medical care | 3.60% | $310 |
| Energy | 3.23% | $276 |
| Housing | 2.77% | $240 |
| Food | 2.73% | $237 |
| Core (all items less food & energy) | 2.45% | $217 |
| Transportation | 2.43% | $216 |
| Apparel | 0.05% | $101 |
Not shown because the BLS began these indexes after 1991: recreation (1993–), education & communication (1993–).
| Year | CPI | Inflation rate | $100 from 1991 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 136.2 | 4.2% | $100 |
| 1993 | 144.5 | 3.0% | $106 |
| 1995 | 152.4 | 2.8% | $112 |
| 1997 | 160.5 | 2.3% | $118 |
| 1999 | 166.6 | 2.2% | $122 |
| 2001 | 177.1 | 2.8% | $130 |
| 2003 | 184 | 2.3% | $135 |
| 2005 | 195.3 | 3.4% | $143 |
| 2007 | 207.342 | 2.8% | $152 |
| 2009 | 214.537 | -0.4% | $158 |
| 2011 | 224.939 | 3.2% | $165 |
| 2013 | 232.957 | 1.5% | $171 |
| 2015 | 237.017 | 0.1% | $174 |
| 2017 | 245.12 | 2.1% | $180 |
| 2019 | 255.657 | 1.8% | $188 |
| 2021 | 270.97 | 4.7% | $199 |
| 2023 | 304.702 | 4.1% | $224 |
Long periods are sampled every 2 years; the calculator above covers any pair of years.
MLA: “Inflation from 1991 to 2023: $100 is worth $224 today.” InflationCalculator.com, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics CPI-U data, https://inflationcalculator.com/inflation/1991-to-2023/
APA: InflationCalculator.com. Inflation from 1991 to 2023. Based on U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics CPI-U data. Retrieved from https://inflationcalculator.com/inflation/1991-to-2023/
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, CPI-U annual averages (series CUUR0000SA0; category indexes listed on the data sources page). See how these numbers are calculated.