Value of $100 in 1952, adjusted to 1970

What happened to prices between 1952 and 1970

Between 1952 and 1970, the Consumer Price Index went from 26.5 to 38.8. Cumulatively, prices increased 46.4%, which works out to an average of 2.14% per year. Put differently, a dollar in 1952 bought what $0.68 buys in 1970.

Consumer prices rose 1.9% in 1952, down sharply from 1951’s 7.9% as the price and wage controls imposed the year before held the cost of living in check even with the Korean War still underway. Labor strife tested those controls that spring: to head off a strike that could have disrupted war production, President Truman ordered the government to seize the steel industry that April, over the objections of steel companies fighting the price the Office of Price Stabilization had set for their product. The Supreme Court ruled the seizure unconstitutional in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer that June, a landmark limit on presidential power, and steelworkers then struck for 53 days before a settlement. Politics delivered the year’s biggest change that November: Dwight Eisenhower defeated Adlai Stevenson, promising to “go to Korea” to end the war and returning Republicans to the White House for the first time since 1933. The Cold War’s technological edge sharpened that same month, when the United States tested the first hydrogen bomb at Enewetak Atoll on November 1, a device hundreds of times more powerful than the atomic bombs used against Japan in 1945. Consumer prices finished 1952 167.7% above their 1913 level. First-class postage held at 3 cents, and the minimum wage stayed at 75 cents an hour.

More about inflation in 1952 →

The destination year: 1970

Consumer prices rose 5.7% in 1970, up from 1969’s 5.5%, extending a run of faster price growth that stretched back to the mid-1960s, even as a recession that began in December 1969 pushed unemployment toward 6%. Prices and joblessness rising together confounded the era’s economic thinking, which held that policymakers could trade a little more inflation for a little less unemployment; 1970 was an early sign that trade-off was breaking down, a pattern that would harden into stagflation later in the decade. Washington restructured how it delivered mail that year: after postal workers staged the first strike ever by federal employees that March, Congress passed the Postal Reorganization Act in August, replacing the cabinet-level Post Office Department with the independent U.S. Postal Service. Environmental policy also took shape in 1970. An estimated 20 million Americans marked the first Earth Day on April 22, and the Environmental Protection Agency opened that December to enforce the Clean Air Act and the pollution rules that followed. The Vietnam War kept dividing the country: on May 4, National Guard troops fired on antiwar demonstrators at Kent State University in Ohio, killing four students and setting off strikes on hundreds of campuses. A median household earned $8,734 that year, a gallon of gas averaged 36 cents, and a first-class stamp cost 6 cents, the rate it had held since 1968. Prices stood 291.9% above their 1913 level by the end of 1970, a milestone that would look almost mild against the decade still to come.

More about inflation in 1970 →